Między koniecznością a wyborem

Rudymentarna forma wolnej woli na przykładzie działania spontanicznego w modelu zmienności behawioralnej

Abstract

The article proposes that the concept of free will can be analysed outside the framework of traditional philosophical debates, within the context of philosophy of biology and discussions on spontaneous behaviour from an evolutionary perspective. The author argues that free will can be understood as a manifestation of nondeterministic behaviour, even in organisms possessing only rudimentary forms of consciousness. The paper references Björn Brembs’ model which describes spontaneous activity as a nonlinear process. According to the author, this model aligns well with the biological theory of behavioural variability. Björn Brembs’ thesis on behavioural variability states that the spontaneous behaviour of animals (including humans) arises from nondeterministic processes and is the result of nonlinear mechanisms in biological systems. According to Brembs, behavioural variability is not merely the outcome of random fluctuations or
chaos but emerges from the intrinsic dynamics of biological systems, which can generatespontaneity in a systematic and predictable way within certain boundaries. Brembs’ modelsuggests that spontaneous activity is crucial for the survival of organisms, as it enables them
to adapt and respond flexibly to changing environments, not relying solely on simple cause­-and­‐effect determinism. These processes can be mathematically described as nonlinear, meaning that even small changes in initial conditions can lead to significant differences in
behaviour. As a result, behavioural variability becomes a biologically advantageous mechanism, enhancing an organism’s ability to explore its environment and avoid threats.